Saturday 20 March 2010

Monday 8 March 2010

Saturday 6 March 2010

LatNS and LongWE

LatNS and LongWE
A good way to remember
1) Latns that Latitude is for North and South is to use the word I made up Latns. Like Latins. Remember Latns for latitude North South.
2) LongWe that Longitude is for West and East is to use the word I made up LongWE.
Lines of Latitude are the imaginary horizontal lines shown running east-to-west (or west to east) on maps (particularly so in the Mercator projection) that run either north or south of the equator. Technically, latitude is an angular measurement in degrees (marked with °) ranging from 0° at the equator (low latitude) to 90° at the poles (90° N or +90° for the North Pole and 90° S or −90° for the South Pole)
A circle of latitude, on the Earth, is an imaginary east-west circle connecting all locations (not taking into account elevation) that share a given latitude. A location's position along a circle of latitude is given by its longitude. Circles of latitude are often called parallels because they are parallel to each other. On some map projections, including the Equirectangular projection, they are drawn at equidistant intervals.

Longitude identified by the Greek letter lambda (λ), is the geographic coordinate most commonly used in cartography and global navigation for east-west measurement. Constant longitude is represented by lines running from north to south. The line of longitude (meridian) that passes through the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, in England, establishes the meaning of zero degrees of longitude, or the prime meridian. Any other longitude is identified by the east-west angle, referenced to the center of the Earth as vertex, between the intersections with the equator of the meridian through the location in question and the prime meridian. A location's position along a meridian is given by its latitude, which is identified by the north-south angle between the local vertical and the plane of the equator.
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Wednesday 3 March 2010

Hydroelectric power

Hydroelectric power is the generation of electric power from the movement of water. A hydroelectric facility requires a dependable flow of water and a reasonable height of fall of water, called the head. In a typical installation, water is fed from a reservoir through a channel or pipe into a turbine. The pressure of the flowing water on the turbine blades causes the shaft to rotate. The rotating shaft is connected to an electrical generator which converts the motion of the shaft into electrical energy.

Small hydro is often developed using existing dams or through development of new dams whose primary purpose is river and lake water-level control, or irrigation. Occasionally old, abandoned hydro sites may be purchased and re-developed, sometimes salvaging substantial parts of the installation such as penstocks and turbines, or sometimes just re-using the water rights associated with an abandoned site. Either of these cost saving advantages can make the ROI for a small hydro site well worth the use of existing site infrastructure & water rights.

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Micro hydro

Micro hydro is a term used for hydroelectric power installations that typically produce up to 100 kW of power. These installations can provide power to an isolated home or small community, or are sometimes connected to electric power networks. There are many of these installations around the world, particularly in developing nations as they can provide an economical source of energy without purchase of fuel.

Micro hydro systems complement photovoltaic solar energy systems because in many areas, water flow, and thus available hydro power, is highest in the winter when solar energy is at a minimum.

Micro hydro is frequently accomplished with a pelton wheel for high head, low flow water supply. The installation is often just a small dammed pool, at the top of a waterfall, with several hundred feet of pipe leading to a small generator housing.

Small hydro is the development of hydroelectric power on a scale serving a small community or industrial plant. The definition of a small hydro project varies but a generating capacity of up to 10 megawatts (MW) is generally accepted as the upper limit of what can be termed small hydro. This may be stretched to 25 MW and 30 MW in Canada and the USA. In contrast many hydroelectric projects are of enormous size, such as the generating plant at the Hoover Dam (2,074 megawatts) or the vast multiple projects of the Tennessee Valley Authority.

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Micro hydro: how it works

Micro hydro: how it works

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Surveying for Micro-Hydro in North Carolina

Surveying for Micro-Hydro in North Carolina

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Micro-hydro in Kenya

Micro-hydro in Kenya

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Micro hydro

Micro hydro

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Microhydro 500 watts turgo Thailand Mae Klang Luang

Microhydro 500 watts turgo Thailand Mae Klang Luang

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Coniston Hydro

Coniston Hydro

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Culbone, Exmoor, Somerset, March 2009 Micro Hydro Power quest

Culbone, Exmoor, Somerset, March 2009 Micro Hydro Power quest

Micro-hydro power at Adamswaite, River Eden

Micro-hydro power at Adamswaite, River Eden

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Micro-hydro power in UK

Micro-hydro power in UK

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Microhydropower: a backyard water power generator


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